Internal-combustion engine.



M. W. HALL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 3. 1915.

1,295,,Q86. I V Patented Feb. 25, 191% 3SHEETS-SI-IEETI.

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2 :b I 0 g I I Inventor mz mbmg M. W. HALL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICAT ON FILED JULY 3. 191-5.

1,295,486, r V Patented Feb. 1919.

' Fla].

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

lwaemor M. W. HALL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.- APPLICATION FILED JULY 3.1915.

1,295,486 Patented Feb. 25, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Milan/111113051 CORPORATION, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 25, 1919.

Application filed July 8, 1915. Serial No. 37,802.

Baltimore and State of Maryland, have in vented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, whereof the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings; Y

The invention relatesto new and useful improvements in internal combustion engines having stationary cylinders and reciprocating pistons, and more particularly to the frame structure for connecting the cylinders to the supporting basefor the crank shaft.

A further objectof the invention is to provide a supporting structure of the above character wherein the struts or supports are removably connected to the cylinder head and the supporting base and are arranged in pairs, so that the struts or supports at either side of the engine may be removed to facilitate the removal of the main shaft.

These and other objects will in part be,

improvements applied thereto.

Flg. II, is an end elevation of the same with the end casing removed.

Fig. III, is a'central vertical section.

Fig. IV, is a detail sectional view on the line IV, IV, of Fig. II.

Fig. V, is a detail sectional view on the line V, V, of Fig. II.

Fig. VI, is a view in side elevation showing a modified form of frame structure for supporting the cylinder,

Fig. VII, is a view, partly in section and partly in plan, of the same.

The invention consists broadly in a frame structure for internal combustion engines, comprising'a base or support having bearings for the crank shaft, a cylinder. head which is connected to said base or support by struts, which cylinder head is formed with a seat for the cylinder, so that the cyl inder may be connected to'the cylinder head and the supporting base solely by bein bolted onto its seat in the cylinder hea In the preferred form of my invention, the

I may be readil cylinder head is common to a plurality of' cylinders which are each detachably connected thereto. The supports or struts for connecting the cylinder head to the base or AN W. HALL; OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR TO HALL-SEELEY MOTOR I support for the crank shaft are removably connected thereto, so that these supports taken out at either side of the engine whlle the others remain in place, so that the crank shaft may be readily removed at either side of the engine without taking down the engine. This cylinderhead is preferably a single integral structure and is provided with valve ports for intake and exhaust, and suitable controlling valves for these ports are mounted on the cylinder head and operated through controlling cams carried 'by a single shaft extending lengthwise of the head. The valve mechanism is covered by a hinged hood attached to the cylinder head, and said hood may be readily opened so that the valve mechanism may be accessible for inspection. The engine is also provided with fly wheels, which are inthe form of solid rings, and each located between adjacent cranks associated with a pair of cylgzders and secured to said cranks by suitable lts. Referring more in detail to the drawings,

my improved engine consists of a plurality of cylinders 1, which are secured to a single integral cylinder head 2. A crank case 3, is provided with flanges 4, and together with these flanges forms a supporting base for the engine in the well-known manner. Said crank case at each end is formed with journal boxes 5, for the crank shaft 6. Said crank case is also provided with a central cross web 7, which is likewise provided with a journal box 5, for the crank shaft 6. The cylinder head 2, is connected to said crank case by struts or supports 8, and 9, which are secured to the cylinder head 2, by suitable bolts 10, passing through flanges in the struts, as shown in Fig. IV, and said struts or supports are secured to the crank case by suitable bolts 11, which also pass throng}: flanges in the struts, as. shown in Fig. It will be noted from Fig. II of the drawings, that these struts or'supports 8, and 9, are separate from each other, so that the struts 8, may be removed after taking out the connecting bolts therefor without remov ing the struts 9. Likewise, the struts or supports 9, may be removed without dispairs, and there are two pairs of cylinders.

Each pair of cylinders is located'between pairs of struts or supports, and these struts or supports are so spaced that the cylinders may be readily disconnected from the cylinder head and removed without removing the struts.

When, however, it is desired to remove the crank shaft, if the side of the engine having the struts 8, is more accessible than the other side, then these struts are removed, leaving the struts 9, in place, and the shaft may belifted from its bearings and removed from the engine. Likewise, if the other side of the engine is more accessible, then the struts 9, are removed and the' shaft lifted from its bearings at thatside of the engine.

"In other words, by my improved arrangement of struts, which form the sole connec- 'tion between the cylinder head and the crank case, I am able, by removing certain of the struts to readily take out the shaft at one side of the engine without disconnecting the cylinders and cylinder head from the crank case, or by removing other struts I may take out the shaft at the. other side of the engine. The cylinder head 2, is provided with a propriate recesses or seats 12, in which t eends of the cylinders are set. Each cylinder is 1nturn provided with a shouldered abutmerit 13, which engages the cylinder head, while the cylinder projecting beyond the abutment engages the respective seat for the cylinder and the cylinders are attached to the cylinder head by supporting bolts 15. Each cyllnder is suspended from the cylinder head solely by this connecting means above described, so that the sole connection between the cylinder and the crank case is through these removable struts connecting the cylinder head common to all of the cylinders with said crank case. The shouldered abutment for the cylinder extends throughout a portion of the length of the cylinder, and is provided with a water chamber 16. Each cylinder is provided with a piston 17, to wh1ch is pivotally connected a pitman 18. The pitmans 18, are in turn connected to cranks 19, formed in the crank shaft 6. As clearly shown in Fig. I, 'there are two cranks located between the central journal box for the crank shaft 6, and the journal box at the outer end of said crank case. These cranks are opposed to each other, and

are connected by an inclined section 20.'

tral opening therethrough. These fly wheels are placed over the shaft 6, and secured to two opposed cranks by bolts 22, which pass through each crank 19, and clamp. the fly wheel to the shaft. The inclined section 20, passes through the opening in the fly Wheel. By this construction, I am able to bring the opposed cranks very close together an secure the fly wheel to the shaft at oints well out from the center, so that it is rmly supported by said shaft.

The cylinder ,head 2, is provided with an inlet manifold 23, which extends from end to end of the cylinder, and is connected to a suitable intake pipe. Adjacent this manlfold and each cylinder, said cylinder head is cast with an opening adapted to receive a sleeve 25, carrying an inlet valve 26. Suitable ports lead from the manifold 23, through the sleeve to the cylinder. At the other side of the cylinder head is an exhaust manifold 27, which is suitably water jacketed b a water chamber 28, likewise cast in the cy inder head. At this side of the cylinder head and adjacent each-cylinder is a suitable opening, adapted to receive a sleeve 29, carrying an exhaust valve 30. This sleeve 29, is formed with suitable ports leading from the cylinder to the exhaust .manifold 27 These valves 26, and 30, are connected to suitable valve stems which are in turn connected respectively torock arms 31, and 32. These rock arms coiiperate with suitable cams on the cam shaft 33, and this cam shaft is mounted in suitable bearin s at the ends and intermediate the ends of t e cylinder head, and said shaft extends centrally alon the cylinder head. The shaft 33, is rotated'by a vertical shaft 35, which has a suitable geared connection 36, with the crank shaft 6. Said shaft 35, is connected to the shaft 33, through a spiral gear 37. Shaft 35, may also tion, bilge and air pumps, not shown.

The cylinders and p1tmans are preferably I inclosed by a suitable casing 45, which may be made in sections, so that it may be readily removed to give access to the parts covered by the same. Said casing extends'from the cylinder head, which forms in a measure the upper closure for. the cylinders, to the crank case and is supported thereby. This casing may also inclose the vertical shaft 35. The rock arm for controlling the valves and the valve shaft are preferably inclosed by a sectional hood 46. The sections of this hood are hinged at'47, 47, to the respective sides of the cylinder head and meet at the center, as shown in Fig. III- By moving these sections of the hood on their hinged connections, access may be readily had to the valve mechanlsm.

engine structure is equally adaptable for a menace two cycle engine or'a four cycle engine, and in case of a two cycle engine, the intake and exhaust ports and controlling valves .would be suitably modified.

In Figs. VI, and VII, I have shown the simplest form of my frame structure. In this structure, the cylinder head 52, is cast integral with the struts orsupports 53 and 5%. These struts or supports terminate in crank shaft bearings 55 and 56. The cylinder 51, is bolted to the cylinder head and is provided with suitable piston and pitman rod 57 in the manner above described. This frame structure, with the cylinder and crank shaft 58, as described, may be disposed horizontally and mounted on a supporting base 59, as shown in Fig. VI, or the same may be set vertically, as shown in the other figures, and the outwardly projecting flanges 60, of the struts 53, and 54, attached to a suitable supporting base.

In the operation of the engine, the reactive force of the explosion is directed against the cylinder head 2, and as this is carried by the supports 8, and 9, the strains will be transmitted to them. Since the cylinder is in no way connected with the crank case, except through the suspending of the same by the cylinder head,-the straln on the cylinder is reduced to a minimum.

It is obvious that minor changes in the details of construction and the arrangement of parts may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. I

I claim:

1'. In a multiple cylinder internal combustlon engine, the combination of a cylinder head, a crank casing, struts removably secured to the cylinder head and to the crank casing and serving as the sole means for supporting the cylinder head, a series of cylinders, means for-rigidly attaching each cylinder at one end only to the cylinder head, a crank shaft mounted in bearings in said crank casing, pistons in the cylinders, pitmans pivoted at one end to the pistons and at their opposite ends to the crank shaft, whereby any one of said cylinders may be removed without disturbing the connection between said cylinder head and said crank casing.

2. In a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head formed in a single unitary structure, a crank casing, pairs of struts removably secured to the cylinder head at the ends thereof and to the crank casing and serving as the sole means for supporting the cylin der head, thestruts of each pair being located respectively, on the opposite sides of a plane passing centrally and longitudinally through the engine, a series of cylinders, means for rigidly attaching each cylinder at one end only to the cylinder head, a crank shaft mounted in bearings in said crank casing, pistons in the cylinders, pitmans pivoted at one end to the pistons and at their opposite ends to the crank shaft, whereby any one of saidcylinders may be removed without disturbing the connection between the cylinder head and the crank casing, and whereby the struts at one side of the engine may be removed without removing the others to permit the removal of the crank shaftu for rigidly attaching each cylinder atone.

end only to' the cylinder head, a crank shaft mounted in bearings in said crank casing, pistons in the cylinders, pitmans pivoted at one end to the pistons and at their opposite ends to the crank shaft, whereby any one of said cylinders may be removed without disturbing the connection between the cylinder head and the crank casing.

4. In a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine, a stationary cylinder head formed in a single unitary structure and having cylinder openings in its lower side, valves and valve operating mechanism mounted on said cylinder head, a crank casing, pairs of struts removably secured to the cylinder head at the ends thereof and intermediate the ends thereof, and also to the crank casing and serving as the sole means for pistons in the cylinders, pitmans pivotedat one end to the pistons and at their opposite ends to the crank shaft, whereby any one of the cylinders may be removed without disturbing the connection between the cylinder head and the crank casing, and whereby the struts on one side of the engine may be removed without disturbing the other struts to permit the removal of the crank shaft.

5. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder head, valves and valve operating mechanism carried by the cylinder head, a crankcasing, struts removably secured to the cylinder head and to the crank casing and serving as the sole means for supporting the cylinder head, a cylinder, means for rigidly and detachably connecting the cylinder at one end only to the cylinder head, a crank shaft mounted in bear- (g5 I memee ings in said crank casing, a piston in the signed my name, at Philadelphia, Pennsylcylinder, 3 pitman pivoted at one end to th; Vania, thls first day of July, 1915. piston an at its opposite end to the cran shaft whereby said cylinder may be removed MILAN 5 Without disturbing the connection of the Witnesses:

cylinder head and the crank casing. JAMES H. Bnnn,

In testimony whereof I have hereunto E. L. FULLER'mN. 

